Planning for missing middle housing: an alternative option for combating housing crisis in Jeddah city
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/16042Keywords:
housing demand, urban growth, housing policies, KSAAbstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been experiencing a rapid urban growth in the recent decades with intense demand on housing. Government policies are trying to revise strategies to supply more housing units in order to meet the exerting pressure of housing demand, and enhancing the living standard for the urbanites in Jeddah city. In doing so, increasing the population density in missing middle housing units at neighborhoods in Jeddah can be critical to enhance livability index of the city. This study, emphasizes the need of introducing missing middle housing units in Jeddah city upon consulting the residents. In doing so, we have adopted a scientific research method to obtain information from the urbanites by conducting an online survey to the local residents of Jeddah (n = 116). Results demonstrate that 87% of the respondents are Saudi citizens in comparison to 13% Non-Saudis. Also, preferences are given to the courtyard types of building by the residents of Jeddah for their future investments in buying or renting a housing unit. Furthermore, this study may provide the choices of residents regarding missing-middle types of housing units and relevant organizations may introduce policies and strategies to meet up the growing housing demand in Jeddah city.
References
ABDUL-RAHMAN H., WANG C., WOOD L. C., KHOO Y.M. (2014) Defects in Affordable Housing Projects in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 28(2):272–285. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000413
ADDAS A., ALSERAYHI G. (2020) Quantitative Evaluation of Public Open Space per Inhabitant in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of the City of Jeddah. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020920608
ADES D. (2016) Preserving Existing Affordability Through a Social Purpose REIT. I(I).
AGRAWAL S.K., PALLATHUCHERIL V., SANGAPALA P. (2020) Affordable Housing for Emiratis in the United Arab Emirates: The Case Study of Ras Al Khaimah. Housing Policy Debate, 900–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2020.1772336
AL OBAID H.M.A. (2020) Factors Determining Housing Demand in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(5):150–157. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.10262
ALASHAIKH A.H. (2017) Numerical transformation technique for coordinate systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10(6):10–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-2903-6
ALHAJRI M.F. (2022) Housing challenges and programs to enhance access to affordable housing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(6):101798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101798
ALJOUFIE M., TIWARI A. (2020) Exploring Housing and Transportation Affordability in Jeddah. Housing Policy Debate, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2020. 1815070
ALJOUFIE M., ZUIDGEEST M., BRUSSEL M., VAN MAARSEVEEN M. (2013) Spatial-temporal analysis of urban growth and transportation in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Cities, 31:57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2012.04.008
ALQAHTANY A. (2021) Affordable housing in Saudi Arabia’s vision 2030: new developments and new challenges. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 14(1):243–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-04-2020-0035
ANDREWS N.O. (1998) Housing Affordability and Income Mobility for the Poor : A Review of Trends and Strategies.
ARVAI J., BRIDGE G., DOLSAK N., FRANZESE R., KOONTZ T., LUGINBUHL A., ROBBINS P., RICHARDS K., KORFMACHER K.S., SOHNGEN B., TANSEY J., THOMPSON A. (2006) Adaptive management of the global climate problem: Bridging the gap between climate research and climate policy. Climatic Change, 78(1):217–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9094-6
BAQUTAYAN S.M. (2015). The Impact of Housing Issue on the Well-being of Middle-Income Group. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6): 522–527. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p522
BRANCO R., ALVES S. (2020) Urban rehabilitation, governance, and housing affordability: lessons from Portugal. Urban Research and Practice, 13(2):157–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2018.1510540
DANIEL L., BAKER E., LESTER L. (2018) Measuring Housing Affordability Stress: Can Deprivation Capture Risk Made Real? Urban Policy and Research, 36(3):271–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2018.1460267
DANIELAINI T.T., MAHESHWARI B., HAGARE D. (2019) An assessment of household water insecurity in a rapidly developing coastal metropolitan region of Indonesia. Sustainable Cities and Society, 46:101382. ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.010
DILLER P.A., SULLIVAN E.J. (2018) The Challenge of Housing Affordability in Oregon: Facts, Tools, and Outcomes. In SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3125125
ELFADALY A., ELDEIN A.S., LASAPONARA R. (2020) Cultural heritage management using remote sensing data and GIS techniques around the archaeological area of ancient Jeddah in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010240
FATMA T. (2022) Saudi Arabia is razing whole neighborhoods to make way for tourism and wealth. 1–19. https://www.npr.org/2022/09/13/1121317025/saudi-arabia-demolition-jeddah
GOLDMAN I., PABARI M. (2021) Innovative solutions for the housing crisis. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 1–6.
HOJAH MAHARAJ S. (2020) Factors Affecting the Supply of “Missing Middle” Housing Types in Walkable Urban Core Neighborhoods. Muma Business Review, 4(1):001–015. https://doi.org/10.28945/4544
HEGAZY I., HELMI M., QURNFULAH E., NAJI A., SAMIR IBRAHIM H. (2021) Assessment of urban growth of Jeddah: Towards a liveable urban management. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 16(3):1008–1017. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab030
HESHAM EL-ASKARY, ZEYNAL A. E., MURAT K. (2022). Research Developments in Geotechnics, Geo-Informatics and Remote Sensing. In Journal of Intercultural Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72896-0
HOLLERAN M. (2021) Millennial ‘YIMBYs’ and boomer ‘NIMBYs’: Generational views on housing affordability in the United States. Sociological Review, 69(4), 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120916121
HULSE K., REYNOLDS M., STONE W., YATES J. (2015). Supply shortages and affordability outcomes in the private rental sector: Short and longer term trends. In AHURI Final Report (Issue 241).
KING R., ORLOFF M., VIRSILAS T., PANDE T. (2017). Confronting the Urban Housing Crisis in the Global South: Adequate, Secure, and Affordable Housing. World Resources Report, 40.
KRAATZ J.A. (2018). Innovative approaches to building housing system resilience: a focus on the Australian social and affordable housing system. Australian Planner, 55(3–4):174–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2019.1632361
MADDAH R., SONG J., DEGUCHI A. (2022). Diversification of Villa-Type Neighborhoods and Its Impact on Housing Shortages in a Growing Saudi Arabian City: A Case Study of Jeddah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137716
McCONNELL E.D. (2013) Who has Housing Affordability Problems? Disparities in Housing Cost Burden by Race, Nativity, and Legal Status in Los Angeles. Race and Social Problems, 5(3):173–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-013-9086-x
MEEHAN J. (2014) Reinventing Real Estate: The Community Land Trust As a Social Invention in Affordable Housing. Journal of Applied Social Science, 8(2):113–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1936724413497480
MICH L.A. (2017) The missing middle: Understanding low-rise, moderate-density housing in Greater Boston. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111424
MULLINER E., ALGRNAS M. (2018) Preferences for housing attributes in Saudi Arabia: A comparison between consumers’ and property practitioners’ views. Cities, 83:152–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.06.018
NAJI A.A., ALMAIMANI A., RAHAMAN K.R. (2020) Analysis of the current development of community centers in Jeddah city. Open House International, 45(3): 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-05-2020- 0044
NDUBUEZE O.J. (2009) Urban Housing Affordability and Housing Policy Dilemmas in Nigeria. Centre for Urban and Regional Studies, January, 1–450.
NEWMAN S.J. (2008) Does housing matter for poor families? A critical summary of research and issues still to be resolved. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 27(4):895–925. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.20381
OSRA O.A., JONES P. (2018) Understanding Change of Urbanism Patterns in Jeddah Between 1938- 2017. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference S.ARCH-2018: The Way It’s Meant to Be, Venice, Italy, 22-24 May 2018, October 2018, 1–23.
PARK G.R., JUNG Y. (2019) Housing insecurity and health among people in South Korea: focusing on tenure and affordability. Public Health, 171:116–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.02.017
PAROLEK D. (2010) Missing Middle Housing: Responding to the Demand for Walkable Urban Living. Journal of the American Society on Aging, 33(4):5–6.
QUINDARA J.P. (2020) Low-rise, high-density housing in Hawaii (Issue May). https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/0ed54bbd-a572-4bda-8ce7-aec6a55138c8/content
SALEH BAQUTAYAN D.S.M. (2014) The Affordable Housing Stress among Middle-Income Group. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(7):82–90. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-19748290
ŞEN Z., AS-SEFRY S., AL-HARITHY S. (2017) Probable maximum precipitation and flood calculations for Jeddah area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6312-z
SHARAM A., BRYANT L., ALVES T. (2015) De-risking development of medium density housing to improve housing affordability and boost supply. Australian Planner, 52(3):210–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2015.1034146
WEGMANN J. (2020) Death to Single-Family Zoning…and New Life to the Missing Middle. Journal of the American Planning Associacion, 4363. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2019.1651217
ZYED Z., AZIZ W.N.A., HANIF N.R. (2016) Housing affordability problems among younger working households paperback. Scholars' Press. Pp.338. ISBN-10:3659838225
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ayad Almaimani, Khan Rahaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
