Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Aksaray city, Turkey

Authors

  • Volkan Işik Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara
  • Çiğdem Vardar Biology Department, Üsküdar American Academy, Istanbul
  • Ahmet Aksoy Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya
  • Atila Yildiz Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/16426

Keywords:

biomonitoring, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Aksaray, Turkey

Abstract

Mixed air pollutants are considered a major cause of damage in living organisms. Air pollution and associated heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. One of the methods used to monitor heavy metal pollution is the method of transplanting lichen samples by the ‘bag technique’. The objective of this study was to determine the air pollution level of Aksaray and to generate the air pollution map of this city by using Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf as a bioindicator. The study area was characterized by the presence of numerous industrial, heating activities and traffic. Lichen samples were collected from unpolluted area at Yapraklı Mountains, Çankırı in November 2002 and transplanted to 7 different localities in Aksaray. They were retrieved following an exposure of 3 and 6 months. Heavy metal Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn contents were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The chlorophyll a and b contents were determined by using DMSO method. According to the heavy metal analysis results of P. furfuracea, air pollution in Aksaray owing to industrial activities, heating and traffic showed various changes in different stations and periods studied. Heavy metal concentrations in various stations showed obvious differences according to determination methods applied in the experiments. The results indicated that lichens had a great potential of bioindicator capacity.

References

ADAMO P., GIORDANO S., VINGIANI S., CASTALDO COBIANCHI R., VIOLANTE P. (2003) Trace element accumulation by moss and lichen exposed in bags in the city of Naples (Italy). Environmental Pollution. 122(1) 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00277-4

AGGARWAL A., SHARMA I.,TRIPATHI B N., MUNJAL A K., BAUNTHIYAL M., SHARMA V. (2011) Metal Toxicity and Photosynthesis. in “Photosynthesis: Overviews on recent progress and future perspective”. Eds. S. Itoh; P. Mohanty and K.N. Guruprasad. I.K. International Publishers. India. 229-236. ISBN 10: 9381141002 / ISBN 13: 9789381141007 .

BARNES D., BALAGUER L., MANRIQUE E., ELVIRA S., DAVISON., A W. (1992) A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 32(2) 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(92)90034-Y

BEEKLEY P K., HOFFMAN G R. (1981) Effects of sulphur dioxide fumigation on photosynthesis. respiration and chlorophyll content of selected lichens. Bryologist. 84(3) 379-390. https://doi.org/10.2307/3242857

BRODO I M. (1961) Transplant experiments with corticolous lichens using a new technique. Ecology. 42(4) 838–841. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933522

BRODO I M., SHARNOFF S D., SHARNOFF S. (2001) Lichens of North America. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN- 9780300082494

CARRERAS H B., PIGNATA M L. (2002) Biomonitoring of heavy metals and air quality in Cordoba City. Argentina. using transplanted lichens. Environmental Pollution. 117(1) 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00164-6

CONTI M E., PINO A., BOTRÈ F., BOCA B., ALIMONTI A. (2008) Lichen Usnea barbata as a biomonitor of airborne elements deposition in the Province of Tierra del Fuego (southern Patagonia. Argentina). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 72(4) 1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.12.004

DE FILIPPIS L F., PALLAGHY C K. (1994) Heavy metals: Sources and biological effects. In: LC Rai. JP Gaur. CJ Soeder (eds.). Algae and Water Pollution. E. Schweizerbartsche. Verlagsbuchhandlung. Stuttgart. 31-77.

DEVLET METEOROLOJİ İŞLERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ (Turkish State Meteorological Service) 2008. Nevşehir İli Meteorolojik Verileri (1970 - 2008).

DIE (TURKISH STATISTICAL INSTITUTE) 2020. Available at http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus/02012002T3 Retrieved :20.04.2013.

EMBERGER L. (1955) Une classification biogéographique des climats. Ann. App. Biol. 31. 249-255.

FIELDS R D., ST CLAIR L L. (1984) The Effects of SO2 on photosynthesis and carbohydrate transfer into two lichens Collemo polycarpon and Parmelia chlorochroa. American Journal of Botany. 71(7) 986-998. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14165.x

GARTY J., KARARY Y., HAREL J. (1993) The impact of air pollution on the integrity of cell membranes and chlorophyll in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De not.) Bagl. transplanted to industrial sites in Israel. Arch. Environ. Con. Tox. 24. 455-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01146161

GARTY J., SHARON T., LEVIN T., LEHR H. (2003) Lichens as biomonitors around a coal-fired power station in Israel. Environmental Research. 91(3)186-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00057-9

GODZIK S., LINSKENS H F. (1974) Concentration changes of free amino acid in primary bean leaves after continuous and interrupted SO2 fumigation and recovery. Environmental Pollution. 7(1) 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(74)90004-4

GOODMAN G T., ROBERTS T M. (1971) Plants and soils as indicators of metal in the air. Nature.231. 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1038/231287a0

HALICI M., ODABAŞOĞLU F., ASLAN A., ÇAKIR A., SÜLEYMAN H., KARAGÖZ Y., BAYIR. Y.(2005) Antioxidant activity. reducing power and total phenolic content of some lichen species. Fitoterapia. 76 (2) 216 – 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2004.05.012

HAWKSWORTH D L., ROSE F. (1996) Lichens as Pollution Monitors. London. UK. Edward Arnold Ltd. ISBN- 0713125551

IŞIK V., YILDIZ A. (2021) Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr. likeni kullanılarak yapılan biyoizleme (=biomonitoring) çalışmaları. MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni 31. 87-99. https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/sayfalar/hizmetler/kutuphane/ekonomi-bultenleri/2021_31/Ekonomi-Bulteni87-99.pdf

IŞIK V., YILDIZ A. (2022) The heavy metal biomonitoring study using lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. in Ankara province (Turkey). EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, 52(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/15828

KINALIOĞLU K., BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK T., KUTBAY H G., HÜSEYİNOVA R., BİLGİN A., DEMİRAYA A. (2010) Biomonitoring of Trace Elements with Lichens in Samsun City. Turkey. Ekoloji. 19(75). 64-70. https://doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2010.759

KÜPPER H., KÜPPER F., SPILLER M. (1996) Environmental relevance of heavy metal-substituted chlorophylls using the example of water plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 47(2). 259-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/47.2.259

LU C M., CHAU C W., ZHANG J H. (2000) Acute Toxicity of Excess Mercury on The Photosynthetic Performance of Cyanobacterium. S. platensis-Assessment by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis. Chemosphere. 41(1-2) 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00411-7

NIREL P M., PASQUINI F. (2010) Differentiation of copper pollution origin: Agricultural and urban sources in Novatech. p.1-6. https://hal.science/hal-03296320/document

ÖNDER S., DURSUN S. (2006) Air borne heavy metal pollution of Cedrus libani (A. Rich) in the city centre of Konya (Turkey). Atmospheric Environment. 40(6) 1122-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.006

PEARSON L C., SKYE E. (1965) Air pollution effects pattern of photosynthesis in. Parmelia sulcata. a corticolous lichen. Science. 148(3677) 1600-1602. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1716157

PUCKETT K J., RICHARDSON D H S., FLORA W S., NIEBOER E. (1974) Photosynthetic 14C fixation by the lichen Umbilicaria muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. Following short exposures to aqueous sulphur dioxide. New Phytologist. 73(6) 1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb02147.x

RIDDELL J., NASH III T H., PADGETT P. (2008) The effect of HNO3 gas on the lichen Ramalina menziesii. Flora. 203 (1) 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2007.10.001

SIMONETTI A., GARIEPY C., CARIGNAN J. (2003) Tracing sources of atmospheric pollution in western Canada using the Pb isotopic composition and heavy metal abundances of epiphytic lichens. Atmospheric Environment. 37(20) 2853-2865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00210-3

SLOOF J. (1995) Lichens as quantitative biomonitors for atmospheric trace element deposition. using transplants. Atmospheric Environment. 29(1) 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00221-6

VITTORI ANTISARI L., BIANCHINI G., DINELLI E., FALSONE G., GARDINI A., SIMONI A., TASSINARI R. , VIANELLO G. (2014) Critical evaluation of an intercalibration project focused on the definition of new multi-element soil reference materials (AMS-MO1 and AMS-ML1). EQA, 15:41-66. https://doi.org /10.6092/issn.2281-4485/4553

YILDIZ A., AKSOY A., TUG G N., İŞLEK C., DEMİREZEN D. (2008) Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Ankara (Turkey). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 60, 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-008-9109-y

YILDIZ A., AKSOY A., AKBULUT G., DEMİREZEN D., İŞLEK C., ALTUNER E., DUMAN F. (2011) Correlation between chlorophyll degradation and the amount of heavy metals found in Pseudevernia furfuracea in Kayseri (Turkey). Ekoloji. 20(78):82-88 https://doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7813

YILDIZ A., VARDAR Ç., AKSOY A., ÜNAL. E. (2018) Biomonıtoring of heavy metals deposition with Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Çorum city. Turkey. Journal of Scientific Perspectives. 2(1). 9-22. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2018.02

WAKEFIELD J M., BHATTACHARJEE J. (2011) Effect of air Pollution on Chlorophyll Content and Lichen Morphology in Northeastern Louisiana. The American Bryological and Lichenological Society. Inc. 29(4):104-114. https://doi.org/10.1639/079.029.0404

WOOLHOUSE H W. (1983) Toxicity and tolerance in the responses of plants to metals. In: Lange. O.L.. Nobel. P.S.; Osmond. C.B.;Zielgler. H. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New Series. 12. 246 – 299. ISBN : 978-3-642-68155-4

ZSCHAU T., GETTY Y., AMERON A., ZAMBRANO. NASH T H. (2003) Historical and current atmospheric deposition to the epilithic lichen Xanthoparmelia in Maricopa County. Arizona. Environmental Pollution. 125(1):21-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00088-5

Downloads

Published

2023-07-04

How to Cite

Işik, V., Vardar, Çiğdem, Aksoy, A., & Yildiz, A. (2023). Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Aksaray city, Turkey. EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, 56(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/16426

Issue

Vol. 56 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Volkan Işik, Çiğdem Vardar, Ahmet Aksoy, Atila Yildiz

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.