A transplantation study with Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf about air pollution mapping of Çankırı, Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/18914Keywords:
Biomonitoring, Air pollution, Bag technique , Pseudevernia furfuracea, ÇankırıAbstract
For researching of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn and Cu concentrations, lichen thallus and airborne particles were investigated in Çankırı city. From an uncontaminated area thalli of fruticose lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf were taken and exposed to contaminated area by bag (transplant) technique. According to results, existence of heavy metals in particles is considerable for assessing pollution levels in certain areas. The crucial relation between the heavy metals uptaken by lichens and heavy metals in the air is a evidence that lichens reflect atmospheric pollution. In addition, the results indicate that for determining heavy metal pollution lichens can be utilized as a bioindicator organism. The aim of this research was to evaluate the level of air pollution in Çankırı and to constitute air pollution map by using P. furfuracea as a bioindicator. Lichen specimens were collected from an unpolluted area in Yapraklı Mountains in Çankırı in July 2002 and carried to 6 different localities in Çankırı. Specimens were re-collected separately in two different periods, 3 and 6 months later. Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were analyzed with ICP-MS device. Amounts of chlorophyll a and b were measured by DMSO technique. It was reached that with heavy metal content results in P. furfuracea to air pollution data in Çankırı. The clear causes of pollution in Çankırı stations were heating activities, vehicle and industrial pollution.
References
ABDUNNASIR Y., GÜMGÜN B., AKBA O. (1994) Dicle nehri yöresindeki mantarlarda ağır element tayinleri. Ekoloji. 10:37-39.
ADAMO P., GIORDANO S., VINGIANI S., CASTALDO C R. (2003) Violante P. Trace element accumulation by moss and lichen exposed in bags in the city of Naples (Italy). Environmental Pollution,. 122:91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00277-4
AKMAN Y. (1999) İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metodları ve Türkiye İklimleri. Kariyer Matbaacılık Ltd. Şti., İskitler, Ankara.
ANONYMOUS. (2003) DIE (Turkish Statistical Institute). http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus/02012002T3.jpg Retrieved: 20.04.2003.
ANONYMOUS. (2003) Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, Trafik İstatistik Yıllığı (Statistical Almanac of Traffic). İdari ve Mali İşler Daire Başkanlığı, Basımevi Şube Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye.
ANONYMOUS. (2008) Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (Turkish State Meteorological Service). Çorum İli Meteorolojik Verileri (1970 - 2008).
BACKOR M., PAULIKOVA K., GERALSKA A., DAVIDSON R. (2003) Monitoring of air pollution in Kosice (eastern Slovakia) using lichens. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2:141-150.
BARGAGLİ R. (1998) Trace Elements in Terrestrial Plants” in An Ecophysiological Approach to Biomoni-toring and Biorecovery. Springer. ISBN-10 : 3540645519
BARNES J.D., BALAGUER L., MANRIQUE,E., ELVIRA S., DAVISON AW. (1992) A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 32:85-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(92)90034-Y
BROWN D.H. (1984) Uptake of mineral elements and their use in pollution monitoring 229-255. In: Dyer, AF, Duckett JG (Eds.) The Experimental Biology of Bryophytes. Academic Press. https://eurekamag.com/research/017/598/017598444.php
BROWN D.H., BECKET R P. (1984) Uptake and effect of cations on lichen metabolism. The Lichenologist. 16:173-188. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282984000323
CONTI M.E., CECCHETTI G. (2001) Biological moni-toring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment a review. Environmental Pollution. 114:471-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00224-4
ÇAYIR A., COŞKUN M., COŞKUN M. (2008) Çanakkale Çevresinde Toplanan Biyoindikatör Organizma Cladonia rangiformis’de Bazı Element Konsantrasyonları. Ekoloji. 18 (69):7-13.
GARTY J., KARARY Y., HAREL J. (1993) The impact of air pollution on the integrity of cell membranes and chlo- rophyll in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De not.) Bagl. transplanted to industrial sites in Israel. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 24:455-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01146161
GARTY J., RONAN R., GALEN M. (1985) Correlation between chlorophyll degradation and the amount of some elements in the lichen Ramalina duriaei (De Not.). Jatta.. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 25:67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(85)90049-8
GOLDSMITH F B. (1991) Monitoring for conservation and ecology. Chapmann and Hill. London. ISBN: 978-0-412-35600-1
GOODMAN G T., ROBERTS T M. (1971) Plants and soils as indicators of metal in the air. Nature. 231:287-292. https://doi.org/10.1038/231287a0
HALICI M G., AKSOI A., DEMÏREZEN D. (2003) Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) M.Choisy liken türü kullanılarak Erciyes Dağı ve çevresindeki ağır metal kirliliğinin ölçülmesi. I. Ulusal Erciyes Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı. 456-461.
HENDERSON A. (1994) Literature on air pollution and lichens. The Lichenologist. 26(2):193-203. https://doi. org/10.1006/lich.1996.0053
IŞIK V., YILDIZ A. (2021) Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. likeni kullanılarak yapılan biyoizleme (=biomonitoring) çalışmaları. MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni. 31:87-99. https://www.mta.gov.tr/dogalkaynaklar/makale/detay/421
IŞIK V., YILDIZ A. (2022). The heavy metal biomonitoring study using lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. in Ankara province (Turkey). EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, 52(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/15828
IŞIK V., VARDAR Ç., AKSOY A., YILDIZ A. (2023). Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Aksaray city, Turkey. EQA - International Journal of Environmental Quality, 56(1):52–61. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/16426
KARADEMİR M., TOKER M C. (1998) Ankara’nın Bazı Kavşaklarında Yetişen Çim Bitkilerinde Egzoz Gazlarından Gelen Kurşun Birikimi. Ekoloji. 7(26):9-12.
LİU W X., Lİ H H., Lİ S R., WANG Y W. (2000) Heavy metal accumulation of edible vegetable cultivated in agricultural soil in the suburb of Zhengzhou city, people’s Republic of China. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 76:163-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0903-9
MARKERT B. (1993) Plants as Biomonitors, Indicators for Heavy Metals in the Terrestrial Environments NIMIS P.L. (1996) Radiocesium uptake and cycling by cryptogams in natural ecosystems, 279-289. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2557993
PUCKETT K J., RICHARDSON D H S., FLORA W P., Nieboer E. (1974) Photosynthetic 14C fixation by the lichen Umbilicaria muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. following short exposures to aqueous sulphur dioxide. New Phytologist. 73:1183-1192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1974.tb02147.x
RA H S Y., GEISER L H., CRANG R F E. (2005) Effects of season and low-level air pollution on physiology and element content of lichens from the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Science of the Total Environment. 343:155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.003
RICHARDSON D H S. (1993) Pollution Monitoring with Lichens (Naturalist’s Handbooks Series). Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd, Slough. ISBN 9781784272111
SCHMIDT-GROB I., THÖNI L., HERTZ J. (1993) Bestimmung der Deposition von Luftschadstoffen in der Schweiz mit Moosanalysen. Bundesanstalt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL) (Eds.). Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 194.
TYLER G. (1990) Bryophyte and Heavy Metals: A literature Review. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 104:231-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990. tb02220.x
WOOLHOUSE H W. (1983) Toxicity and tolerance in the response of plants to metal. In: Lange OL, Nobel PS, Osmond CB and Ziegler E (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology (New Series) Vol. 12C Physiological Plant Ecology III, Springer-Verlag. ISBN:978-3-642-68155-4
YILDIZ A., AKSOY A., TUĞ G N., İŞLEK C., DEMÏREZEN D. (2008) Biomonitoring of heavy metals by Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Ankara (Turkey). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry. 60:71-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-008-9109-y
YILDIZ A., AKSOY A., AKBULUT G., DEMÏREZEN D., İŞLEK C., ALTUNER E M., DUMAN F. (2011) Correlation Between Chlorophyll Degradation and the Amount of Heavy Metals Found in Pseudevernia furfuracea in Kayseri (Turkey). Ekoloji. 20(78):82-88. https://doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2011.7813
YILDIZ A., VARDAR Ç., AKSOY A., ÜNAL E. (2018) Biomonitoring of heavy metals deposition with Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in Çorum city, Turkey. Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 2(1):9-22. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2018.02
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Volkan Işik, Sevda Sümer Aydin, Ali Asghari Ghalghachi, Naser Beirami, Ayhan Turan, Atila Yildiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.