Optimizing courtyard orientation for wind-driven ventilation in hot-arid climates: a case study from Egypt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/20043Keywords:
Courtyard Orientation, Airflow Patterns, CFD Simulation, Hot-Arid Climate, Differential PressureAbstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for buildings that offer ideal ventilation and thermal conditions, particularly in hot-arid regions. Courtyards emerge as pivotal elements facilitating enhanced airflow and utilizing natural energy, resulting in reducing energy consumption in addition to controlling the pressure created by the wind. In response to the motivation of optimizing building performance in the face of harsh environmental challenges, our study aims to investigate how different courtyard orientations affect airflow patterns and ventilation performance in an educational building model located in Cairo and Delta region. The building, designed for the Pre-university education phase by the General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB), as a free-running building. Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations through ANSYS-Fluent software, we performed a parametric analysis testing four different orientations (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°) in the northwest direction to identify the optimal orientation for enhancing ventilation performance. The results consistently indicated that the 0° scenario yielded the best results, followed notably by the 15° scenario which outperformed others by demonstrating superior airflow patterns and pressure differences conducive to enhanced ventilation rates. The 45° scenario was identified as the least favorable result among the four scenarios. These findings provide valuable methodological insights for architects and policymakers seeking to optimize natural ventilation strategies within Egypt's climates.
References
ABDELHADY M.I.M. (2021) Numerical simulation for the geometrical courtyard parameters affecting the indoor natural ventilation, case study in Sur, Oman. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture Technology, 13(3):1-15. https://doi.org/10.37896/JXAT13.3/30500
ABDIN T., MAHMOUD A.H.A. (2017) A checklist for the assessment of energy performance of public schools in Cairo, Egypt. Paper presented at the International Conference for Sustainable Design of the Built Environment-SDBE London.
AFANDI G.E. (2014) Evaluation of NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis (CFSR) against surface obser-vations over Egypt. American Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4), 157-167. https://www.aascit.org/journal/archive2?journalId=902&paperId=724
AI Z.., MAK C.M. (2014) Modeling of coupled urban wind flow and indoor air flow on a high-density near-wall mesh: Sensitivity analyses and case study for single-sided ventilation. Environmental modelling software, 60, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.06.010
ALMAJIDI B.H., HAMEED T.M. (2020) The role of the Internal courtyard in organizing the function and shaping architecture. Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, 27(2):135-146. https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.012
ASHRAE - American Society of Heating R. & Air-Conditioning, E. (2017). ASHRAE Standard 55 thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy.
BIENVENIDO-HUERTAS D., DE LA HOZ-TORRES M.L., AGUILAR A.J., TEJEDOR B., SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA D. (2023) Holistic overview of natural ventilation and mixed mode in built environment of warm climate zones and hot seasons. Building and environment, 245: 110942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110942
BLOCKEN B. (2018) LES over RANS in building simulation for outdoor and indoor applications: A foregone conclusion? Paper presented at the Building Simulation.
CALAUTIT J.K., HUGHES B.R. (2014) Wind tunnel and CFD study of the natural ventilation performance of a commercial multi-directional wind tower. Building and environment, 80:71-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.022
CAPMAS (2023) Statistics of the number of students in schools, Egypt. CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistic, Statistics of the number of students in schools, Egypt, 2023. Cairo: Central Agency for Public Mobilization & Statistic: Egyptian government
ELNABAWI M.H., HAMZA N., DUDEK S. (2017) Shading Historical Commercial Streets in Hot Arid Areas: Questioning the Common Wisdom. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 33rd PLEA International Conference: Design to Thrive, PLEA, Edinburgh, UK.
GAEB (2023) General Authority of Educational Buildings, prototypes after the earthquake, Architectural design department, Researches and studies administration, Egypt. In. Egypt.
GB50009 (2012) Ministry of Housing Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China, Load code for the design of building structures, Haidian District, Beijing, China. In. Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
GIVONI B. (1998) Climate considerations in building and urban design: John Wiley & Sons. 0471291773: 0471291773
HAMED R. (2023) The role of built environment in fostering the safety of children with autism in public primary schools. (Master of Science In Interior Design Master ), University of Oklahoma, Graduate College. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/11244/337535
IBRAHIM M. W., ALBUKHARI I.N., TOULAH A.S. O., IBRAHIM S.W. (2021) The Inner Courtyard and Its Role in Activating the Sustainable Dimension of Residential Buildings in Hot Regions. Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 16(58):101-126. https://doi.org/10.21608/auej.2021.141780
KARIMIMOSHAVER M., SADATHOSSEINI M., ARAM F., AHMADI J., MOSAVI A. (2023) The effect of geometry and location of balconies on single-sided natural ventilation in high-rise buildings. Energy Reports, 10: 2174-2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.09.030
MAHMOUD A.H.A. (2011). An analysis of bioclimatic zones and implications for design of outdoor built environments in Egypt. Building and environment, 46(3): 605-620. doi:Ayman Hassaan A. Mahmoud
MINISTRY OF HOUSING (2005) Energy efficiency non residential building code, ECP-306, Utilities and Urban Communities, Housing and Building National Research Center, HBRC, Egypt
MOHAMED M. (2010) Traditional ways of dealing with climate in Egypt. In The Seventh International Conference of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development (SAUD 2010): The Center for the Study of Architecture in Arab Region (CSAAR Press).
MOHAMED M.A., EL-AMIN M F. (2022) Inward and Outward Opening Properties of One-Sided Windcat-chers: Experimental and Analytical Evaluation. Sustaina-bility, 14(7):4048. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074048
OBEIDAT L.M., ALREBEI O.F., NOUH MA’BDEH, S., AL-RADAIDEH T., AMHAMED A.I. (2023) Parametric Enhancement of a Window-Windcatcher for Enhanced Thermal Comfort and Natural Ventilation. Atmosphere, 14(5):844. :https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050844
PERÉN J., VAN HOOFF T., LEITE B.C.C., BLOCKEN B. (2015) Impact of eaves on cross-ventilation of a generic isolated leeward sawtooth roof building: Windward eaves, leeward eaves and eaves inclination. Building and environment, 92:578-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.05.011
PRAKASH D. (2023) Ventilation performance analysis on low-rise courtyard building for various courtyard sha-pe factors and roof topology. International Journal of Ventilation, 22(1): 56-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2022.2036477
RABEHARIVELO R., KAVRAZ M., AYGÜN C. (2022) Thermal comfort in classrooms considering a traditional wind tower in Trabzon through simulation. Paper presented at the Building Simulation.
RIVAS E., SANTIAGO J.L., MARTÍN F., MARTILLI, A. (2022) Impact of natural ventilation on exposure to SARS-CoV 2 in indoor/semi-indoor terraces using CO2 concentrations as a proxy. Journal of Building Enginee-ring, 46:103725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103725
SALEEM A.A., ABEL-RAHMAN A.K., ALI A.H.H. OOKAWARA S. (2016) An analysis of thermal comfort and energy consumption within public primary schools in Egypt. IAFOR J. Sustain. Energy Environ, 3. https://doi.org/10.22492/ijsee.3.1.03
SERRA N. (2023) Revisiting RANS turbulence model-ling used in built-environment CFD simulations. Building and Environment, 237: 110333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110333
SOFLAEI F., SHOKOUHIAN M., TABADKANI A., MOSLEHI H., BERARDI U. (2020) A simulation-based model for courtyard housing design based on adaptive thermal comfort. Journal of Building Engineering,
STASI R., RUGGIERO F., BERARDI U. (2024) Influence of cross-ventilation cooling potential on thermal comfort in high-rise buildings in a hot and humid climate. Building and environment, 248:111096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111096
TALEB H.M., ABUMOEILAK L. (2021) An assessment of different courtyard configurations in urban communities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Smart Sustainable Built Environment, 10(1): 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-08-2019-0116
TALEB H.M., WRIEKAT T., HASHAYKEH H. (2020) Optimising natural ventilation using courtyard strategies: CFD simulation of a G+ 1 office building in Madinah. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 39(7):659-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2020.1748027
TANG C., LIANG T., NONG G. (2023) Impacts of convection on the thermal performance of radiant heating system with novel dry radiant module. Building and environment, 238: 110370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110370
TOMINAGA Y., MOCHIDA A., YOSHIE R., KATAOKA H., NOZU T., YOSHIKAWA M., SHIRASAWA T. (2008) AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(10-11):1749-1761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058
VAN HOOFF T., BLOCKEN B., TOMINAGA Y. (2017) On the accuracy of CFD simulations of cross-ventilation flows for a generic isolated building: Comparison of RANS, LES and experiments. Building and environment, 114:148-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.019
WAZERI U. (2002) Practices on environmental archi-tecture-the sunny design for the interior court-Studies on Cairo and Toshki. Cairo, Madboli.
YAWEN Z., WEI Y., YONGHAN L., XIAOLI H., SHAOBO Z., QIAOYUN H., SHUANGPING D. (2023) Evaluation of building arrangement on natural ventilation potential in ideal building arrays. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 22(6):1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2023.2191680
ZHANG X., WEERASURIYA A.U., TSE K.T. (2020) CFD simulation of natural ventilation of a generic building in various incident wind directions: Comparison of turbulence modelling, evaluation methods, and ventilation mechanisms. Energy Buildings, 229, 110516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110516
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rabab S. Qataya, Mady Ahmed Mohamed, Hussien AlShanwany, Shimaa Sabour
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
