Determination of Ozone-Induced Mortality in Aydın Province, Turkey in 2022 Using AIRQ+ Modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/20078Keywords:
Ozone, Air Pollution, AIRQ+ Modeling, MortalityAbstract
Fuels for energy production and road traffic are the main causes of air pollution. According to 2020 data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of deaths from air pollution is 6.7 million per year. Ozone has harmful effects if it is above the limit value. Our aim is to investigate the effect of ozone on mortality when it exceeds the limit value at ground level. In our study, we used data from Aydın province, which has the highest average ground-level ozone level in Turkey. From the Air Quality Monitoring website of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, we collected data from 4 stations in Aydın province and divided by the number of stations to obtain the average ground-level O3 value. We used the World Health Organization AIRQ+ 2.2 program to calculate ozone-related mortality. Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change Air Quality Monitoring website, we calculated the average O3 value as 64.73 μg/m³ between 01.03.2022-30.08.2022, which is the 6 months with the highest amount of O3 at ground level in Aydın province. According to the results obtained in the AIRQ+ program, the estimated attributable mortality rate was 0.47% (CI 95%, RR: 0-0.93), the estimated number of deaths from attributable cases was 22 (CI 95%, RR: 0-44) and the estimated number of deaths from attributable cases per 100000 population at risk was 1.92 (CI 95%, RR: 0-3.80). The long-term effect of ground-level ozone appears to be undeniable in increasing the number of deaths.
References
ALGHAMDI M., KHODER M., HARRISON R.M., HYVÄRINEN A.P., HUSSEIN T., AL-JEELANI H., ABDELMAKSOUD A., GOKNIL M., SHABBAJ I., ALMEHMADI F.. (2014) Temporal variations of O3 and NOx in the urban background atmosphere of the coastal city Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Atmospheric Environment, 94: 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.029
Aydın Valiliği Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği İl Müdürlüğü. Aydın Hakkında [Internet]. Aydın: Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği İl Müdürlüğü; 2000 Available from: https://aydin.csb.gov.tr/cografi-konumu-i-1111
BOUCHRITI Y., KORRIDA A., HADDOU M.A., ACHBANI A., SINE H., RIDA J., SINE H., AMIHA R., KABBACHI B. (2023) Assessment of health impact of the surface ozone on a population residing at Agadir city (Morocco) using the AirQ+ model. E3S Web of Conferences; EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336402003
COHEN A.J., BRAUER M., BURNETT R., ANDERSON H.R., FROSTAD J., ESTEP K., BALAKRISHNAN K., BRUNEKREEF B., DANDONA L., DANDONA R. (2017) Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. The Lancet, 389(10082):1907-1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
EFFATPANAH M., EFFATPANAH H., JALALI S., PARSEH I., GOUDARZI G., BARZEGAR G., GERAVANDI S., DARABI F., GHASEMIAN N., MOHAMMADI M.J. (2020) Hospital admission of exposure to air pollution in Ahvaz megacity during 2010–2013. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(2):550-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.001
FARIDI S., SHAMSIPOUR M., KRZYZANOWSKI M., KUNZLI N., AMINI H., AZIMI F., MALKAWI M., MOMENIHA F., GHOLAMPOUR A., HASSANVAND M.S. (2018) Long-term trends and health impact of PM2,5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006–2015. Environment International, 114:37-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.026
GOUDARZI G., GERAVANDI S., FORUOZANDEH H., BABAEI A.A., ALAVI N., NIRI M.V., KHODAYAR M.J., SALMANZADEH S., MOHAMMADI M.J.(2015) Cardiovascular and respiratory mortality attributed to ground-level ozone in Ahvaz, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4674-4
GUO X., SU W., WANG H., LI N., SONG Q., LIANG Q., SUN C., LIANG M., ZHOU Z., SONG E.J. (2023) Short-term exposure to ambient ozone and cardiovascular mortality in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 33(10):958-975. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2066070
JAVANMARDI P., MOROVATI P., FARHADI M., GERAVANDI S., KHANIABADI Y.O., ANGALI K.A., TAIWO A.M., SICARD P., GOUDARZI G., VALIPOUR A. (2018) Monitoring the impact of ambient ozone on human health using time series analysis and air quality model approaches. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(1):533-544. http://eprints.lums.ac.ir/id/eprint/1278
LI T., YAN M., MA W., BAN J., LIU T., LIN H., LIU Z. (2015) Short-term effects of multiple ozone metrics on daily mortality in a megacity of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22:8738-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4055-5
LI T., YAN M., MA W., BAN J., LIU T., LIN H., LIU Z.(2008) Chronic exposure to ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions among children. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(12):1725-1730. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.11184
MALIG B.J., PEARSON D.L., CHANG Y.B., BROADWIN R., BASU R., GREEN R.S. and OSTRO B.. (2016) A time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient ozone exposure and emergency department visits for specific respiratory diagnoses in California (2005–2008). Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(6):745-753. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409495
NAGHAN D.J., NEISI A., GOUDARZI G., DASTOORPOOR M., FADAEİ A., ANGALI K.A. (2022) Estimation of the effects PM2,5, NO2, O3 pollutants on the health of Shahrekord residents based on AirQ+ software during (2012–2018). Toxicology Reports, 9:842-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.045
NTOUROU K., FAMELI K.M., MOUSTRIS K., AUGOUSTINOS A., TSITSIS C. (2023) The Influence of Ozone Concentrations on Public Health over the Greater Athens Area, Greece. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 26(1):107. ttps://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc20230210 107
ROVIRA J., DOMINGO J.L., SCHUHMACHER M. (2020) Air quality, health impacts and burden of disease due to air pollution (PM10, PM2,5, NO2 and O3): Application of AirQ+ model to the Camp de Tarragona County (Catalo-nia, Spain). Science of The Total Environment, 703:135538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135538
SHAMS SR., CHOI Y., SINGH D., GHAHREMANLOO M., MOMENI M., PARK J. (2024) Innovative Approaches for Accurate Ozone Prediction and Health Risk Analysis in South Korea: The Combined Ef-fectiveness of Deep Learning and Airq+. Available at SSRN 4717774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174158
UHKİA (2024) Türkiye Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı. Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı [Internet]. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Available: https://sim.csb.gov.tr/SERVICES/airquality
TÜİK - Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2023) Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları [Internet]. Ankara. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=49685
WARE L.B., ZHAO Z., KOYAMA T., MAY A.K., MATTHAY M.A., LURMANN F.W., BALMES J.R., CALFEE C.S.(2016) Long-term ozone exposure increases the risk of developing the acute respiratory distress syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(10):1143-1150. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201507-1418OC
WHO - World Health Organization (2023). Household air pollution [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health#:~:text=The%20combined%20effects%20of%20ambient,(COPD)%20and%20lung%20cancer
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Demir İbrahim, Ayvaz Özkan
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.