Potential salinization of tropical soils formed from basement complex and sedimentary parent materials by sole and combined dried animal manures and wood ash
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2281-4485/21147Keywords:
salinization, complementary application, wood ash, nutrient uptake, basement complexAbstract
The hypothesis that sole and complementary application of dried animal manures and wood ash will affect electrical conductivity (EC) of some tropical soils under controlled and uncontrolled conditions was tested. Treatments: control, poultry manure at 90 kg P ha-1 (PM), cattle manure at 90 kg P ha-1 (CM), wood ash 5 t ha-1 (WA) and the mixtures of manure with wood ash (CMWA, PMWA) were applied to soil in incubation, screen house and field experiments. Samples were taken monthly (0, 4, 8, 12 weeks after incorporation/planting; WAI/WAP) for soil EC determination. For screenhouse and field experiments, maize seeds were sown in two cycles. Data on soil EC were analyzed and significant means separated. Result indicated that EC of soils were in the sequence of Soil 1 (0.16) > Soil 2(0.13) > Soil 5 (0.12) > Soil 4 (0.08) > Soil 3 (0.05) > Soil 6 (0.02 dS m-1). For amendments, the EC was in the order of WA (4.39) > PMWA (3.03) > CMWA (2.78) > PM (1.87) > CM (1.43 dS m-1). In incubation experiment, application of CMWA increased EC by 126, 65, 79 % above control, CM and PM respectively in Soil 1 at 0WAI, by 338, 46, 218, 52 and 133 % than the control, CM, PM, PMWA and WA in Soil 6 at 4WAI, by 279, 77, 130, 66 and 61 % respectively than control, CM, PM, PMWA and WA in Soil 6 at 8WAI, by 67, 74, 188, 114 and 79 % than the control, CM, PM, PMWA and WA in Soil 3 at 12WAI. Salinization potential of the amendments was CMWA > PMWA > WA > CM > PM > Control in the incubation experiment. In the screenhouse experiment, the salinization potential of the amendments was CMWA > CM > WA > PMWA > PM > Control in the both cycles at 0WAP, CMWA > CM > WA > PMWA > PM > Control and WA > PM > CMWA > Control > CM > PMWA respectively in the first and second cycle respectively at 8WAP. In the field experiment, CMWA raised EC by 250, 232, 174, 152 and 174 % in comparison to control, CM, PM, PMWA and WA at 4WAP in the first cycle while a 185, 118, 76 and 118 % rise in EC was recorded above the control, PM, PMWA and WA at 12WAP in the second cycle. The salinization potential of the amendments was in the order of CMWA > CM > PMWA > WA > PM > Control and CMWA > PMWA > CM > WA > PM > Control repectively in the first and second cycle. The salinity of dried animal manures, wood ash and the potential secondary soil salinization induced by their application is greater in CMWA. The intensity of salinization among the soils was time cycle specific, and soils from basement complex parent material were more prone to salinization than soils from sedimentary parent material.
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