Maximizing the sustainable use of pomegranate, orange, and banana peel wastes as natural antioxidant resources
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2281-4485/23197Keywords:
waste valorization, pomegranate, banana, orange, peel waste, industry by-products, polyphenolsAbstract
One way to sustainably use environmental resources is the valorization of industry by-products. In the present study, seven phenolic compounds: p-coumaric acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, punicalagin (A+B mixture), and gallic acid, were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in extracts obtained from orange (OR), banana (BN) and pomegranate (PG) peels derived from juicing by-products. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of the peel extracts and the total phenolic content (TPC) were determined. All samples were extracted with 50% aqueous ethanol using three different solid-to-solvent ratios: 1 g dry peel (DP)/40 mL solvent (OR-40, BN-40, PG-40), 1 g DP/50 mL solvent (OR-50, BN-50, PG-50), and 1 g DP/60 mL solvent (OR-60, BN-60, PG-60). According to the results, the highest antioxidant capacity was detected in PG-60, with a value of 0.62±0.060 mmol Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TAE)/g DP. Regarding TPC, the Folin–Ciocalteu assay revealed the highest values for OR peel in the OR-40 (42±2.9 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g DP), for BN peel in BN-40 (51±2.5 mg GAE/g DP), and for PG peel in the PG-60 (380±19 mg GAE/g DP). These findings highlight ways to optimize the potential of fruit peel waste as a promising, low-cost resource of bioactive compounds, supporting sustainable practices and contributing to the development of value-added products in the framework of a circular economy.
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