Integrated agronomic strategies for alleviating salinity stress and enhancing cotton yield
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2281-4485/24485Keywords:
Agronomic practices, cotton, functional genomics , growth stages, drought stress, physiological, soil salinity, salinity toleranceAbstract
Salinity is one of the most threatening stress for cotton. Cotton is considered a moderately salt-tolerant crop with a salt tolerance limit of 7.7 dS m-1. Stress is always deleterious for cotton growth, yield, and quality of cotton. The degree of sensitivity to salt stress varies in a dependent position with growth stage and type of salt. Cotton reacts to salinity, and its ability to cope with it and the management methods might prove useful in helping to find ways to enhance the production of cotton under saline environments. Several of the studies have demonstrated that the germination, seedling phases and emergence are much more sensitive to salinity stress in a comparative perspective from other later phases. Flowering occurs later, and fewer fruiting sites, fruit drop, and smaller boll size ultimately influence seed cotton yield; its partitioning is the major aspect of cotton modulation under salt stress. This study shows that high level of salts in the soil affect the metabolic activities of the cotton plants mostly through osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance and toxicity from the salts’ ions; sodium and chloride. The metabolic disorders may suddenly bring down cotton growth and lint yield, most especially in moderate to highly saline soil. In this review, we study different of agronomic practices such as mulching and furrow seeding, plant density management, increasing soil moisture and temp, water management, utilization of root associated microorganism, drip irrigation, crop rotation, biochar, seed priming, flat-sowing technique, ridge planting technique mitigating soil salinity, reducing salinity effects on cotton and improving plant growth of the cotton plant. Cotton genetic studies on salt tolerance indicated that most biochemical, physiological, agronomic, and fiber traits are genetically regulated and have significant QTL effects. But with biochemical and molecular biology tools available now, it has become possible to look at the intricacies of salt tolerance at the transcript level. This review highlighted integrated agronomic strategies for alleviating salinity stress and enhancing cotton yield.
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